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Detail of Captain John Smith's
Map of Virginia (1612):
The Lower Eastern Shore of Virginia, Showing
Watkins Point and the Wighco (Pocomoke) River
[Map of Virginia by John
Smith, Special Collections (Huntingfield Map Collection),
Maryland State Archives SC 1399-25]
About
the relationship of John NUTHALL IV [of Cross Manor] to
Hugh HAYES, Capt. William JONES furnished testimony
on 18 July 1664. Capt. JONES's deposition is concerned
with the identity of the river which, on Virginia's
Eastern Shore, was sometimes called "Pocomoke"
and sometimes called "Wighco." Capt. JONES
appears to have been referring to John
NUTHALL IV as a probable witness to his testimony.
The deposition thus indicates that, in 1664, John NUTHALL
IV [of Cross Manor] was a person sufficiently well-known
in Northampton County, Virginia to be cited in testimony
at law and that, about 1628 or 1629, this same John
NUTHALL IV (as John NUTWELL) had been something of a
fugitive on the Eastern Shore of Virginia [See Antecedents and Descendants of John
Nuthall of Cross Manor (1614/15 - July 1667)]:
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"Capt. William JONES,
justice of peace and quorum in his majis county
of North'ton, Virginia, doth declare on oath, y't
about thirty-five or thirty-six years since hee
did offten sale a trading w'th ye Indians in ye
bay of Chessapiack, and well knew ye river
Pokomoke, w'ch lyeth to ye Southward of a little
point described in Capt. Smith's Mapp w'thout a
name, and is so far Southward as a man can see
from ye place described in Capt. Smith's Mapp for
Watkins point; and doth decirm y't ye said river
of Pokomoke was then soe called, and noe such
name as ye river Wighco, either at y't time tyme
or in ye memory of man before, was applyed to ye
river of Pokomoke, and y't ever since ye said
river, soe scituated as aforesaid, hath bin and
is called by ye name of Pocomoke river. And
farthermore this deponent saith, y't in the time
hee was a married man and a trader in y't bay of
Chessapeak, John NUTWELL
was a boy and servant to Hugh HAYS, and was run
away from his said master, and this deponent gave
a hoe to ye Indians for ye said NUTWELL, and brought him home
again, well straped w'th ye hallyards. Soe farr
this deponent maketh oath. /s/ Will. JONES Sworne
in open court ye 18th of July, 1664" [Henry
A. Wise, et al., Report and
Accompanying Documents of the Virginia
Commisioners Appointed to Ascertain the Boundary
Line Between Maryland and Virginia (with
Appendix, Atlas) (Richmond, Virginia: 1873),
Appendix - pp. 78 - 79. Also see Clayton
Torrance, Old Somerset on the Eastern Shore
of Maryland, p. 486.] |
Capt. William JONES, in fact, was the neighbour of
Gov. William STONE by whom Hugh HAYES had been
transported. [See the patent granted to John HOLLOWAY,
the first wife of Elizabeth BACON who subsequently
married John NUTHALL IV [of Cross Manor] in note 4
under G0500A:
Thomas SPRIGG(E) in Descendants of
Thomas SPRIGG (1604 - BY January 1677/78).]
Furthermore, on 25 August 1643, John HOLLOWAY, the first
huband of Elizabeth BACON, the first wife of John NUTHALL
IV [of Cross Manor], named Capt. William JONES among the
overseers of his estate to assist his widow in execution
of his Will. Capt. William JONES, therefore, was required
to deal with John NUTHALL IV [of Cross Manor] when, in
January 1643/44, Elizabeth BACON remarried. [See the Will of John
HOLLOWAY in Note
13 under G0500A: John NUTHALL IV [of CROSS MANOR] in Antecedents
and Descendants of John Nuthall of Cross Manor (BEF 10
February 1614/15 - July 1667).]
Capt. JONES's testimony, concerning the Pocomoke - or
Wighco - River, anticipated the formation of Somerset
County in 1666 with geographical reference to the river
under discussion. Thus, the proclamation of Cecil CALVERT
on 22 August 1666:
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Maryland State Archives,
vol. 54, p. 634:
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Knowe yee That wee for the ease &
benifitt of the people of this or
Province & for the speedy & more
exact administracon of Justice haue
erected & doe by theis prsents erect
all tht tract of Land within this
o<u>r province of Maryland bounded
on the south with a Line drawne east from
Watkins point being the North pointe of
tht bay into which the river Wighco
(formerly Called Wighcocomoco afterwards
Pocomoke & Now Wighcocomoco againe)
doth fall exclusiuely to the ocean sea on
the east Nanticoke river on the North
& the sound of Chesepiake bay on the
West into A County by the Name of
Sothersett County in honr to our dear
Sister the Lady Mary Somersett & for
the great trust & Confidence wee haue
in yor fidelitys Circumpeccons
providences & wisdomes haue
Constituted ordeined & appoynted,
& doe by theis presents constitute
ordaine & appointe you Stephen Horsey
William Stevens William Thorne James
Jones John Winder Henry Boston George
Johnson & John White gent:
Commissioners Joyntly & sev erally to
keepe the peace in Sommersett County
aforesaid; And to keepe & cause to be
kept all Lawes & orders made for the
good & Conservacon of the peace &
for the quiett rule & governmt of the
people in all & every the Articles of
the same & to chastice & punish
all persons offending the forme of any
the Lawes & orders of this our
province or of any of them in Sommersett
County aforesaid as according to the
forme of those lawes & ordrs shall be
fitt to be done . . . . |
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In 1629, Hugh HAYES was about 21 years of age, not
much older than John NUTHALL IV [of Cross Manor] who was
then aged fifteen years:
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4 June 1635: Mr. William STONE
patented 1800 acres (in then Accawmacke Co., Va.)
on Hungar's Creek, for the transportation of
himself, his brother Andrew, and 34 servants,
including Hugh HAYS . . . . and Tho. Ward. [Cavaliers
and Pioneers, p. 28] Hugh HAYS was age 27
and Tho. Ward was age 25, in June 1635 [See Susie
M. Ames, County Court Records of Accomack
& Northampton, Virginia, pp. 38 - 39.] |
Hugh HAYES eventually returned to his home in
Prestbury, County Cheshire, England where he died after
17 April 1637 and and before 12 May 1637. Prestbury, in
County Cheshire, is very near to Norbury, the home of
Mary HYDE, the mother of John NUTHALL IV [of Cross
Manor]. In his Will, Hugh HAYES asserts his relationship
to William STONE:
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From: Lothrop Withington, Virginia
Gleanings in England: Abstracts of 17th and
18th-Century English Wills and Administrations
Relating to Virginia and Virginians: A
Consolidation of Articles from The Virginia
Magazine of History and Biography (Baltimore,
Genealogical Publishing Co.: 1980), p. 215. "HUGH
HEYES [HAYES in Probate Act, and described as of
Presbury, Cheshire]. Will 17 April 1637; proved
12 May 1637. To my mother Alice HEYES £20 by £4
a year, any residue to James HEYES als
MACKRIN her grandchild. To my brother James HEYES
my horse and saddle. To his son John, my godson,
50s., and to each other child of his 20s. apeece.
To my sister Margerie £10 by 50s. yearly, any
residue to Ellin BACCHUS, daughter to my sister
Mary, deceased. To James HEYES als
MACKRIN 20s. To the son of my Cozen William STONE
in Virginia, my godson, a cow and her increase
which I left in his ffather's hands. Residue in
England and Virginia to the children of my sister
Margarett BANNASTER, the wife of Benjamin
BANNASTER, and to the forenamed Ellen BACCHUS
equally. Executors: My brother in law, Benjamin
BANNASTER. Witnesses: Tobias Parnell, Robte.
Bulkeley. [Goare, 79]"
The Will of Hugh HAYES was proved in the
Prerogative Court of Canterbury.
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The river, which was variously named
"Pocomoke," "Wighcocomoco," or
"Wighco," received its names from the
indigenous tribes residing about its banks, that is, the
Pocomokes and the Wicomicos. The speech of the Pocomokes
and the Wicomicos, in which John NUTHALL IV [of Cross
Manor] appears to have been fluent, belonged to the
Algonquian (Algic) family of languages.
Watkins Point takes its name from James
Watkins, a soldier in the expedition of Captain John
Smith in June 1608. Watkins arrived, as a labourer, on
the first supply ship to reach Jamestown in 1608. It was
Smith, indeed, who named the point after James Watkins.
NUTWELL (NOTTESWILLE) is a place-name recorded, in
Devonshire, in the Domesday Book and, with the loss of
the medial w, is most likely the older form of
NUTHALL, both pronounced ['nuhtal].
Language, it must be emphasized, is primarily in speech,
not in writing; and written English is notoriously
unphonetic:
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It is a common
principle that in a compound, when a loss of
stress on the final syllable occurs, phonetic
change may also take place, hence Keswick,
pronounced ['kezik], with the
primary stress on the first syllable, total loss
of the medial "w," and a very weak
stress on the second syllable. Today the
place-names Warwick, Keswick, Norwich, Greenwich,
Dulwich, Chiswick, Woolwich, and Southwark are
pronounced without the medial "w";
Saltwich, Sandwich, Droitwich, Prestwick,
Gatwick, Alnwick, Hardwick, and Nantwich retain
it. In most of the names in the second group the
medial "w" follows a voiced or
voiceless dental stop. [Beryl Rowland, "How
to Pronounce Berwick: A Curious Paradigm of
Chaucer's Bishop Bradwardine," Florilegium
11 (1992), pp. 116 - 123 (p. 121)] |
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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RETURN: Antecedents
and Descendants of John Nuthall of Cross Manor (1614/15 -
July 1667)
GENEALOGICAL NOTES AND
ANECDOTES: TABLE OF CONTENTS
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